The Summer Course 2006 in Microbiology, organized by the Department of Microbiology, was held from 13th to 27th June 2006 in the Prince of Wales Hospital. Young fellows with specialty in microbiology from different institutions and hospitals of various provinces in China were selected to participate in this course. The course not only provided a chance for those participants to update their laboratory skills and techniques, extended research collaboration between China and Hong Kong, but also attracted participants enrolled in postgraduate study in the department.